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Arctic
Village has a population of approximately
140. Most of its residents are American
Indian. Many residents use the community
as a base of operations from which they
pursue seasonal subsistence activities.The Neets'aii Gwichin of Arctic Village
lead a subsistence-based lifestyle.
Caribou, moose, sheep, porcupine, rabbit
and ptarmigan are hunted. Freshwater
fish, waterfowl and berries are also
harvested.
The school, clinic,
village council and stores are the
primary employers. Seasonal employment
includes construction, fire fighting,
guiding and conducting wildlife surveys
for the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Some residents trap or sell firewood for
income. These are the people who
successfully fought off oil development
in the arctic national wildlife refuge.
Until
the 1950s, the Neets'aii Gwichin ("residents
of the north side") lived a highly
nomadic life. They traditionally used
seasonal camps and semi-permanent
settlements, such as Arctic Village,
Christian, Venetie and Sheenjak, in
pursuit of fish and game. They traded
with Inupiat Eskimos on the Arctic coast.
There is archaeological evidence that the
Arctic Village area was populated as
early as 4,500 BC.
In
1863, Archdeacon McDonald of Fort Yukon
observed that the Chandalar Kutchin were
important providers of caribou meat for
the residents of Ft. Yukon. Reverend
Albert Tritt, a Neets'aii Gwich'in born
in 1880, wrote that his people led a
nomadic life, traveling to the Arctic
coast, Rampart, Old Crow, the Coleen
River and Fort Yukon in the 1880s and
1890s.
With
the advent of firearms in the early 1900s,
family groups began to gather more
permanently at several locations; there
was no longer a need to disperse into
small groups to hunt caribou. The first
permanent resident at the present village
site was Chief Christian in 1909.
In
1943, the Venetie Indian Reservation was
established, due to the efforts of
several area villagers to protect their
land for subsistence use. The first
school was built in 1959. When the Alaska
Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was
passed in 1971, Venetie and Arctic
Village opted for title to the 1.8
million acres of land in the former
Reservation. Residents continue to use
the community as a base of operations
from which they pursue seasonal
subsistence activities.
from:
The
People of Arctic Villiage
Arctic
Village is on the east fork of the
Chandalar River, 100 miles north of Fort
Yukon and 290 miles north of Fairbanks.
It lies at approximately 68° 08' N
Latitude and 145° 32' W Longitude. The
area encompasses 67.1 sq. milesof land
and 5.1 sq. miles of water. Arctic
Village has a continental subarctic
climate. Winters are long and harsh, warm
summers are short. Winter temperatures
range from -70 to 0, summer temperatures
from 65 to 90. Precipitation averages 9
inches, with an annual snowfall of 52.8
inches.
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