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History of Mother's Day
Ana Jarvia,
from Grafton, WV, started a campaign in
1908 to
establish a national Mother's Day. She
was able to get her mother's church in Grafton
to celebrate Mother's Day on the anniversary
of her mother's death. Therefore,
a memorial service was held there on May
10, 1908. When Jarvis moved to Philadelphia
in 1909, she continued to honor the celebration.
Others
hearing about Jarvis's idea began a letter
writing campaign to politicians, ministers,
etc., to establish a national Mother's Day.
President Woodrow Wilson in 1914 proclaimed
that a national observance will be celebrated
on the 2nd Sunday of May each year.
The
date was first celebrated in Philadelphia,
PA, in 1907. The observance was based
on the suggestions of a Julia Ward Howe
in 1872 and by Anna Jarvis in 1907. Anna Jarvis used carnations
at the first Mother's Day celebration, because carnations were her mother's
favorite flower. The wearing of aa white carnation is
to honor a deceased mother, wearing a pink carnation is to honor a living
mother.
Anna Jarvis and the florist
industry ended up disagreeing over the selling of flowers for Mother's
Day.
As the industry publication,
Florists' Review, put it, "This was a holiday that could be
exploited."
In one press release
criticizing the floral industry, Anna Jarvis wrote "What will you do to route
charlatans, bandits, pirates, racketeers, kidnappers and other termites that
would undermine with their greed one of the finest, noblest and truest movements
and celebrations?"
When, in the 1930s, the U.S.
Postal Service announced a Mother's Day stamp with the image of Whistler's
Mother and a vase of white carnations, Anna Jarvis responded by campaigning
against the stamp. She persuaded President Roosevelt to remove the words,
Mother's Day, but not the white carnations.
Jarvis disrupted a meeting of
the American War Mothers in the 1930s, protesting their sale of white carnations
for Mother's Day, and was removed by the police.
In the words, again, of the
Florists' Review, "Miss Jarvis was completely squelched." Mother's Day
remains, in the United States, one of the best sales days for florists.
Anna Jarvis was confined to a
nursing home at the end of her life, penniless. Her nursing home bills were
paid, unknown to her, by the Florist's Exchange.
The
Ancient Greeks honored their mothers. But
then it was Rhea the Mother of the gods
that was celebrated, not the mortal mothers.
In the British Isles and Celtic
Europe, the goddess Brigid, and later her successor St. Brigid, were honored
with a spring Mother's Day, connected with the first milk of the ewes.
Ancient Romans celebrated
a holiday in honor of Cybele, a mother goddess, March 22-25 - the
celebrations were notorious enough that followers of Cybele were banished from
Rome
Then in
the 1600's in England there was a observance
called "Mothering Sunday." During
Lent on the Fourth Sunday honors were paid
to everyone's mother. All servants
were encouraged to return to their homes
and honor their mothers. Furmety, a sweetened boiled
cereal dish, was often served at the family dinner during Mothering Sunday
celebrations. People usually visited with their mothers carrying a special "Mothering
Cake" to add to the celebration.
Other countries of the world do celebrate Mother's
Day,
but at different times of the year. Denmark,
Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia and Belgium
join with the USA in celebrating Mother's
Day on the 2nd Sunday in May. |